PT-141
Bremelanotide — Cyclic Heptapeptide Melanocortin Agonist
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist with an unusual origin story — it was discovered accidentally during Melanotan II clinical studies when researchers observed unexpected physiological responses mediated through melanocortin receptors. That serendipitous finding launched a dedicated research program that eventually produced multiple Phase 3 clinical trials, making PT-141 one of the best-characterized melanocortin pathway compounds in the literature.
Why Researchers Study It
PT-141 is studied because it works through a fundamentally different mechanism than most compounds in its research space. Where PDE5 inhibitors act peripherally, PT-141 activates central melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R) in the hypothalamus. That central mechanism of action, combined with Phase 3 clinical data in over 1,200 participants, makes it a uniquely well-documented research tool for melanocortin pathway investigation.
Melanocortin Receptor Pharmacology
Published research has characterized PT-141's activation of MC3R and MC4R in the central nervous system, establishing a novel mechanism distinct from peripheral approaches.
Phase 3 Clinical Research
Two RECONNECT trials enrolled over 1,200 participants and generated 24 weeks of controlled data, with a 52-week open-label extension documenting long-term safety.
Non-Responder Population Studies
Research examined PT-141 in subjects non-responsive to existing compounds, demonstrating efficacy in a previously difficult-to-study population.
Central vs. Peripheral Mechanism
Studies have mapped PT-141's hypothalamic pathway activity, distinguishing it mechanistically from compounds that work through peripheral vasodilation.
Research Timeline
8 milestones spanning 1996–2020
- Accidental discovery during Melanotan II clinical studies (1996–1998)
- Central mechanism of action through MC3R/MC4R established (2003)
- Phase 3 RECONNECT trial results published with 1,200+ participants (2019)
Related Learning
Guides, articles, and resources connected to this compound.
Melanocortin Receptors Explained
How the MC1R–MC5R receptor family mediates diverse physiological pathways.
Peptide Mechanisms Explained
Receptor binding, signaling cascades, and pathway interactions.
Complete Guide to Research Peptides
Comprehensive overview of the research peptide landscape.
How Peptides Work
Foundation guide covering peptide structure and signaling mechanisms.
Research Database
Searchable index of published research across all compounds.
Published Research
Selected citations from the published literature.
Clayton AH, et al. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908.
PMID: PMC6819021Molinoff PB, et al. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102.
PMID: 12851303Diamond LE, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of PT-141 in healthy males and patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16(1):51-59.
PMID: 14963471Explore PT-141
Research data, product specifications, and related kits.
Research Use Compliance
All information presented on this page references published preclinical research and is provided for educational and informational purposes only. These products are intended for laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. No statements on this page have been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.